With the cooling of the weather and the shortening of daylight, autumn not only signals the approaching winter months but also places additional strain on the immune system. Consequently, during this season both children and adults become more vulnerable to a range of illnesses.

Sudden temperature changes, increased humidity, and extended time spent indoors all contribute to the rapid spread of certain diseases. Dr. Meriç Zeydan, Internal Medicine Specialist at Medline Adana Hospital, explained the most common illnesses encountered during the autumn months and shared preventive recommendations.

Influenza (Flu)

Influenza is one of the most common viral infections seen in autumn. It typically presents with high fever, headache, muscle and joint pain, fatigue, sore throat, and nasal discharge. Influenza may cause serious complications in elderly patients with chronic conditions, infants, and individuals with weakened immune systems. Preventive strategies include frequent handwashing, avoiding crowded environments as much as possible, and strictly observing hygiene measures. Individuals who develop flu symptoms are advised to remain at home and rest, both to protect their own health and to prevent further spread to those around them.

Common Cold

The common cold is typically caused by rhinoviruses and is a mild upper respiratory tract infection. Classic symptoms include nasal congestion, sneezing, sore throat, and low-grade fever. Maintaining a balanced diet, consuming vitamin-rich foods, and ensuring regular sleep are essential preventive measures. In addition, frequent handwashing and avoiding close contact with infected individuals significantly reduce the risk of transmission. The illness usually resolves spontaneously; however, if symptoms persist for an extended period, medical consultation is advised.

Bronchitis and Asthma Exacerbations

Bronchitis and asthma flare-ups become more frequent during the autumn season. Cold weather, wind, and sudden temperature fluctuations can irritate the bronchi, leading to coughing and shortness of breath. In asthma patients, exposure to triggering factors may precipitate acute attacks. Avoiding environmental irritants such as cigarette smoke, dust, and pollen, adhering to prescribed medications, and maintaining a clean and adequately humidified indoor environment can significantly reduce the risk. If bronchitis symptoms persist or if severe manifestations such as fever or breathing difficulty occur, medical evaluation is strongly recommended. Additionally, receiving the seasonal influenza vaccine provides important protection against respiratory infections.

Gastrointestinal Infections

During autumn, the immune system tends to weaken, making the body more vulnerable to gastrointestinal infections caused by viruses and bacteria. With cooler weather, people also spend more time indoors, which facilitates the rapid spread of viruses such as rotavirus and norovirus. Preventive measures include maintaining proper hand hygiene, thoroughly washing fruits and vegetables, exercising caution with raw food consumption, and following a probiotic-rich diet. In cases of gastrointestinal infection, adequate fluid intake and rest play a critical role in accelerating recovery.

Allergic Conditions

Allergic disorders are also frequently encountered in autumn. Exposure to pollen, dust, and mold spores can trigger symptoms such as runny nose, sneezing, itchy eyes, skin rashes, and in some cases, shortness of breath. To minimize allergic reactions, it is recommended to avoid prolonged outdoor exposure during high pollen periods, change clothes and wash hands after returning indoors, and maintain meticulous household cleanliness. The use of air purifiers and, when necessary, allergy medications under medical supervision may also provide relief. Since allergic reactions result from an exaggerated immune response to environmental triggers, taking preventive measures significantly improves overall quality of life.